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महाराणा प्रताप ट्रेल सज्जनगढ़ उदयपुर

महाराणा प्रताप ट्रेल सज्जनगढ़ उदयपुर में इको ट्रेल 30 नवम्बर को राजस्थान वन विभाग उदयपुर डिविजन तथा WWF-India उदयपुर डिविजन के सानिध्य में महाराणा प्रताप ट्रेल सज्जनगढ़ उदयपुर में इको ट्रेल की गई, जिसमें WWF-India के स्टेट काॅर्डिनेटर श्रीमान अरूण सोनी तथा वन विभाग कीे ओर से डाॅ. सतीश कुमार शर्मा, सेवानिवृत्त अधिकारी मौजूद थे। मुझे भी इस इको ट्रेल में जाने का सुअवसर प्राप्त हुआ, जो गोरीला व्यू पाॅइंट से बड़ी-लेक व्यू पाॅइंट तक की गई इसमें मुझे विज्ञान की एक नई शाखा के बारे में पता चला, जिसे टट्टी विज्ञान कहा जाता है। सुनने में आपको थोड़ा अजीब लगेगा, मुझे भी सुनकर हैरानी हुई, परन्तु वास्तव में एक ऐसा भी विज्ञान है, जिसके बारे में डाॅ. सतीश शर्मा ने बड़े ही विस्तार पूर्वक बताया कि किस प्रकार वनों में जानवरों की टट्टी देखकर यह पता लगाया जा सकता है कि यहां कौनसा जानवर आया था। जानवरों की टट्टी कितनी पुरानी है, वह गीली है या सूखी है। इसी के आधार पर उस विशेष जंगल में कौन-कौनसे जानवर विचरण करते हैं, उसके बारे में वन विज्ञान के कर्मचारी पता लगा लेते हैं। जानवरों की टट्टी का विश्लेषण करके यह पता लगा...
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Maxwell’s equations in vacuum | EMFT and Relativity

Maxwell’s Equations

Maxwell's equations for vacuum

  • These equations form the foundation of electromagnetic theory.
  • These equations in electromagnetism have the same importance as the Newton’s law of motion in mechanics.
  • Maxwell’s equations generate the wave equations that predict the existence of electromagnetic waves propagate with the speed of light.

Gauss’s law of electrostatics (Maxwell's first equation)

  • According to Gauss's law of electrostatics the total electric flux through a closed surface is 1/ε0 times the total charge enclosed by the surface.
  • If ρ is volume charge density, then the charge enclosed by the surface is
                
  • Gauss' law

  • From divergence theorem

  • This is differential form of Gauss's law of electrostatics and is also known as Maxwell's first equation.

Gauss’s law of magnetostatics (Maxwell's second equation)

  • According to it Gauss's law of magnetostatics the total magnetic flux through a closed surface is always zero.
  • If B is magnetic induction, then

  • This equation is Maxwell's second equation.
  • Maxwell's second equation indicates that the magnetic induction B is a solenoidal field.
  • The flux leaving the element is same as entering in the field or the source of magnetic induction do not exist.
  • No isolated magnetic pole or magnetic monopoles exist.

Faraday law of electromagnetic induction (Maxwell's third equation)

  • According to Faraday law of E.M.I. 
  • When the magnetic flux linked with the circuit changes an induced e.m.f. is produced.
  • The induced e.m.f. is directly proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux.

  • From Stokes's theorem

  • This is differential form of Faraday law of electromagnetic induction and is also known as Maxwell's third equation.

Modified form of Ampere’s law (Maxwell's fourth equation)

  • According to Ampere's law the line integral of magnetic induction around any closed path is μ0 times the total current passing through the surface bounding the closed path.

  • From Stokes's theorem


  • This is modified form of Ampere's law and is also known as Maxwell's fourth equation.
To know more about Maxwell's equation click on the link https://youtu.be/3LdqhqBEUdI for bilingual lecture (Hindi/English) https://youtu.be/4X_DlQhr4hk
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