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National Bird Day: Why Birds Matter to Us

National Bird Day is celebrated every year on 5 January . This day is observed to spread awareness about birds, their importance in nature, and the need to protect them. Birds are beautiful living beings and play a very important role in keeping our environment healthy. Origin of National Bird Day National Bird Day was first celebrated in the year 2002 . It was started by bird lovers and environmental groups to protect birds from dangers like deforestation, pollution, and illegal hunting. The main aim of this day is to teach people, especially students, why birds are important and how we can help save them. Why Is National Bird Day Celebrated Every Year? National Bird Day is celebrated every year because many bird species are disappearing due to human activities. Cutting trees, using plastic, pollution, and climate change are harming birds and their homes. This day reminds us that: Birds need protection Nature should be respected Everyone has a responsibil...
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Gamma ray microscope method | Quantum mechanics | Physical basis of quantum mechanics

Proof of uncertainty principle

Gamma ray microscope method (Thought experiment)


  • Let electron whose position (x) and momentum (p) is to be determined is initially at P
  • From diffraction theory, the limit of resolution of microscope
            Δx = λ / 2 sin θ
  • Δx = Distance between two points upto which they can be seen separately.
  • Δx = Maximum uncertainty in position of electron
  • Since the wavelength of 𝛾-ray is small, so we choose it because it decreases Δx
  • Let at least one 𝛾-ray photon be scattered by the electron into the microscope so that the electron is visible.
  • In this process the frequency and wavelength of the scattered photon is changed and the electron suffers a Compton recoil by gaining the momentum.
  • If λ = wavelength of the scattered photon, then the momentum of the scattered photon, p = h / λ
  • Since the scattered photon can be scattered in any direction from PA to PB, so the x-component of momentum will be from [(h / λ) sin (-θ)] to (h / λ) sin θ] i.e., from - [(h / λ) sin θ] to (h / λ) sin θ
  • If λ՛ = wavelength of incident photon, then momentum of incident photon, p՛ = h / λ՛
  • Therefore change in momentum of photon will lie between

  • Thus microscope is obeying the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle during the measurement of position and momentum of the particle simultaneously.
  • To know more about Gamma ray microscope method as a proof of uncertainty principle in English please click on the link https://youtu.be/Mm3BqM1ZlWs and bilingual (Hindi/English) https://youtu.be/R0Z2k3vKL5Q
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