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National Bird Day: Why Birds Matter to Us

National Bird Day is celebrated every year on 5 January . This day is observed to spread awareness about birds, their importance in nature, and the need to protect them. Birds are beautiful living beings and play a very important role in keeping our environment healthy. Origin of National Bird Day National Bird Day was first celebrated in the year 2002 . It was started by bird lovers and environmental groups to protect birds from dangers like deforestation, pollution, and illegal hunting. The main aim of this day is to teach people, especially students, why birds are important and how we can help save them. Why Is National Bird Day Celebrated Every Year? National Bird Day is celebrated every year because many bird species are disappearing due to human activities. Cutting trees, using plastic, pollution, and climate change are harming birds and their homes. This day reminds us that: Birds need protection Nature should be respected Everyone has a responsibil...
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Virial equation of state and Boyle temperature


    Ideal gas

  • An ideal gas is a gas which satisfy Boyles’ and Charles’ law for all the values of pressure, volume and temperature completely.
  • Equation of state of an ideal gas for 1 gm molecule or 1 mole is PV = RT.
  • In deriving this equation it was assumed that
  • The size of gaseous molecules are infinitely small, so they do not occupy any space.
  • There is no attractive or repulsive force between the gaseous molecules, so they have only kinetic energy, not potential energy.

  • Deviation from perfect gas equation

  • No gas is ideal or perfect, because no gas follow the ideal gas equation PV = RT at all conditions.
  • The gases which liquified easily show more deviation from the ideal gas equation.
  • For every gas there is a temperature at which the value of PV remain almost constant with increase in P and the value of PV increases at very high pressure. This particular temperature is known as Boyle temperature (TB).
  • Below TB, PV first decreases with increase in P, reaches to a minimum value and then increases with increase in P.
  • Above TB, the value of PV increases with increase in P from beginning.

    • Virial equation of state

  • PV = A + BP + CP2 + DP3 + ...

    • NOTE

  • The present lecture is a bilingual lecture, in which every step is explained in Hindi and in English language. Virial equation of state and Boyle temperature is very important in Thermodynamics. In the present lecture the Virial equation and Boyle temperature is explained in a well systematic way.

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