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Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur Convocation | भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय, उदयपुर दीक्षांत समारोह

भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय दीक्षांत समारोह महाराणा प्रताप स्टेशन रोड, सेवाश्रम सर्कल, उदयपुर। भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय उदयपुर द्वारा वर्ष 2018 से 2024 तक की स्नातक एवं स्नातकोत्तर परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण एवं विद्यावाचस्पति (Ph.D.) उपाधिधारियों के लिए दीक्षान्त समारोह 27 मार्च 2025 गुरूवार को प्रातः 10:30 बजे आयोजित करने का निश्चित हुआ है। दीक्षान्त समारोह में 2020 से 2025 तक की विद्यावाचस्पति की उपाधियों तथा स्नातक एवं स्नातकोत्तर परीक्षाओं में वर्ष 2024 तक प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त करने वाले छात्रों को उपाधि एवं स्वर्ण पदक प्रदान किए जायेंगे। अतः जो उपाधिधारी उक्त समारोह में उपाधि प्राप्त करने के इच्छुक हों, वे समारोह में उपस्थित होने की लिखित सूचना के साथ स्नातक एवं स्नातकोत्तर प्रथम वरीयता प्राप्त छात्रों हेतु, पंजीकरण शुल्क ₹500 व उपाधि शुल्क ₹5000 (कुल ₹5500) एवं विद्यावाचस्पति (Ph.D.), शोधार्थी पंजीकरण शुल्क ₹500 व उपाधि शुल्क ₹5000 (कुल ₹5500) नकद अथवा डिमाण्ड ड्राफ्ट भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय, उदयपुर के नाम बनाकर कुलसचिव, भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय, उदयपुर को दिनांक 17.03.2025 तक ...
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Dulong and Petit's law

Dulong and Petit's law

  • According to Dulong and Petit's law the product of atomic weight and specific heat for all the elements in its solid state is always constant and its value is approximately 6.4. 
  • This law is used to determine the atomic weight of substance.

    Dulong and Petit’s law from Kinetic theory

  • According to the law of equi-partition of energy, the average kinetic energy of translation associated with each degree of freedom is 1/2kT.
  • If the oscillatory motion of atom is simple harmonic then in each oscillation the average kinetic energy = Average potential energy.
        Total energy associated with each degree of freedom of atom 
                                    = 1/2 kT + 1/2 kT = kT
        Since there are three degrees of freedom for oscillatory motion of each atom
        So the total energy of each atom = 3kT
        If we consider the 1 gm-atom of any solid at absolute temperature T
        So the number of atoms in 1 gm-atom of gas = N, where N is Avogadro number
        Total energy of 1 gm of solid
                  U = N * 3 kT = 3NkT                      [ R = Nk ]
                  U = 3RT
                 dU/dT = 3R
        Since dU/dT is the atomic heat of solid at constant volume i.e., Cv            
        So,    Cv = 3R
        Since R = 1.98 cal/gm-atom/°C
        So,    Cv = 3 * 1.98 = 5.94 cal/gm-atom/°C
        Atomic heat of solid = 6 cal cal/gm-atom/°C  (approximate)
       Thus it agrees with Dulong and Petit's law

Failure of Dulong and Petit's law

  • C, B, Si like non-metallic elements have value of atomic heat different from 6.4 at normal temperature (about 6.0).
  • But above 500°C their value tends to about 6.4.
  • At absolute zero temperature the value of atomic heat of all the elements tends to zero.
It is clear from the following figure


        Explanation of Failure of Dulong and Petit's law




To know about this lecture in more detail please visit on https://youtu.be/R_xEBgzUmkQ


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