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अब औरत को लुगाई पढेंगे बच्चे

अब नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत मातृ भाषा में होगी प्राथमिक स्तर तक की पढ़ाई, औरत को लुगाई पढेंगे बच्चे शेखावटी के प्राथमिक स्कूलों के विद्यार्थी अब औरत को लुगाई, आग को बासते और इंसान को मिनख पढ़ते नजर आएंगे। नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत प्राथमिक कक्षाओं में मातृ भाषा में शिक्षा देने की नीति लागू होने से ऐसा होगा। इसके लिए राज्य शैक्षिक अनुसंधान एवं प्रशिक्षण संस्थान ने प्रदेश में संभागवार भाषाई सर्वेक्षण करवाकर स्थानीय भाषा के शब्द कोष तैयार करवाए हैं। शेखावटी के शब्द कोष में शोर को रोला, आदत को बाण, इधर को अठीने, इंतजार को उडीकणों, इकट्ठा को भैळो एवं सांवठो, अध्ययन को पढ़णो, आवास को ठिकाणो, इतना को अतरो, इनकार को नटणों, इसके लिए को इकेपाई एवं अधिक बोलने को लपर-लपर कहा गया है। नई शिक्षा नीति के लिए बच्चों-शिक्षकों की भाषा से शब्दकोष तैयार किया गया है। नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत हुए सर्वेक्षण में प्राथमिक कक्षा के बच्चों की भाषा एवं पढ़ाने वाले शिक्षक की भाषा की जानकारी ली गई थी। इसमें बच्चों के नाम के साथ उनके घर की भाषा, शिक्षक की भाषा, स्कूल का माध्यम, भाषा को समझने एवं बोलने की विद्यार्थियों की क्षम...
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Breakdown and resistance of diode | Electronics | Semiconductor diode

Breakdown and resistance of diode

Breakdown of a diode 

  • On applying reverse bias to the diode, two types of breakdown occurs, which are responsible to the sudden increase of current in the reverse bias condition.

Avalanche breakdown

  • In this mechanism, the minority charge carriers gain enough kinetic energy from the applied reverse voltage to collide with the valence electrons of the atom and liberate them.
  • In this process the covalent bond breaks and create a large number of electron-hole pairs.
  • The new charge carriers so produced generate the additional electron-hole pairs.
  • In this way the number of free electrons and holes increases continuously.
  • This phenomenon is known as avalanche multiplication and it produces a sharp increase in the reverse current.
  • The magnitude of avalanche breakdown voltage can be increased by increasing the temperature.

Zener breakdown

  • If the junctions are heavily doped and have a very narrow depletion region, then the breakdown occurs is known as Zener breakdown.
  • Since in this case there exist a high electric field (E = V/d), across the junction.
  • This electric field is so strong to break the covalent bond and generate the electron-hole pairs.
  • On further increasing the Zener voltage, the large number of carriers generate, which increase the reverse current suddenly.
  • This breakdown is a field emission phenomena.
  • On increasing the temperature the Zener breakdown voltage can be decreased.

Resistance of a diode 

 

Static or dc resistance 

  • When only dc current flows through the diode, then the resistance offered by it is static or dc resistance.
  • It is the ratio of the dc voltage across the diode to the dc current flowing through it.
  • Rdc = V / I
  • In forward bias the static resistance of diode is RF and in reverse bias RR.
  • RR >> RF
  • For Ge, RR : RF = 4000 : 1.

Dynamic or ac resistance

  • When only ac current or a small ac current along with dc current flows through the diode, then the resistance offered by it is dynamic or ac resistance.
  • It is reciprocal of the slope of the current-voltage characteristic of the diode.
  • Rac = ΔV / ΔI
  • When the diode is sufficiently forward biased, then at any temperature T

  • Here k = Boltzmann constant, and e = charge of electron.
  • For Ge, η = 1, and at T = 300 K
  • Rac = 26 / I
To know more about breakdown and resistance of diode please click on https://youtu.be/T39lWWPfLFo
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  1. Smith KaylorOctober 30, 2022 at 12:54 AM

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