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भारतीय रसायन के पिता आचार्य प्रफुल्ल चंद्र रे की जयंती पर व्याख्यान का आयोजन

भारतीय रसायन के पिता आचार्य प्रफुल्ल चंद्र रे की जयंती पर व्याख्यान का आयोजन विज्ञान भारती उदयपुर इकाई एवं बीएन कॉलेज ऑफ फार्मेसी, बीएन विश्वविद्यालय के संयुक्त तत्वावधान में कार्यक्रम सम्पन्न उदयपुर, 2 अगस्त। भारतीय रसायन के पिता आचार्य प्रफुल्ल चंद्र रे की जयंती के अवसर पर विज्ञान भारती उदयपुर इकाई (चित्तौड़ प्रांत) एवं बीएन कॉलेज ऑफ फार्मेसी, बीएन विश्वविद्यालय के संयुक्त तत्वावधान में एक विशेष व्याख्यान का आयोजन किया गया। कार्यक्रम का उद्देश्य आचार्य पी.सी. रे के वैज्ञानिक योगदान एवं उनके देशभक्ति से ओतप्रोत जीवन पर प्रकाश डालना था। ज्ञातव्य है कि भारत की पहली फार्मा कंपनी आचार्य रे ने ही बंगाल केमिकल एंड फार्मास्यूटिकल्स लिमिटेड, कोलकाता में 1901 में प्रारंभ की थी। कार्यक्रम में विज्ञान भारती के उद्देश्य एवं गतिविधियों की जानकारी डॉ. अमित गुप्ता द्वारा दी गई। आचार्य पी.सी. रे के जीवन और कार्यों पर मुख्य व्याख्यान डॉ. लोकेश अग्रवाल द्वारा प्रस्तुत किया गया। उन्होंने बताया कि कैसे आचार्य रे ने विज्ञान को समाज की सेवा का माध्यम बनाया और रसायन विज्ञान में भारत को आत्मनिर्भर बनान...
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Thick lens and its cardinal points | Optics | General theory of image formation

Thick lens and its cardinal points

Thick lens

  • The combination of two spherical surfaces, is known as thick lens, if the distance between their poles can not be neglected in comparison to their radii.
  • It can be treated as the combination of thin lenses.
  • The thickness of these lenses are comparable to their focal lengths.

Cardinal points of thick lens

  • Let µ = refractive index of material of lens
  • t = thickness of lens
  • R1 and R2 = Radii of curvature of first and second curved surface of the given thick lens.
  • F1 and F2 = First and second focal points respectively.
  • H1 and H2 = First and second principal points respectively.
  • f1 and f2 = First and second focal length of thick lens respectively.

Cardinal points of thick lens

Equivalent focal length

  • If there is same medium on either side of thick lens
  • H1F1 = f1 = - f , and H2F2 = f2 = f

Refraction from surface PP1


Refraction from surface QP2

  • This time I works as an object and forms final image is obtained at F2



  • For thin lens t → 0, and f → f0

Power of thick lens


Position of second focal point (P2F2 = β2)

  • The distance of second focal point will be measured from pole of second refracting surface.

Position of second principal point (P2H2 = α2)

 
  • The distance of second principal point will be measured from pole of second refracting surface

  • Above result is obtained using sign convention.

Position of first focal point (P2F1 = β1)

 
  • For obtaining it we consider that the ray is incident on lens system from right i.e., O՛Q, this time image will be formed on F1. So in β2, R1 is replaced by -R2 and f is replaced by -f.


Position of first principal point (P1H1 = α1)

 
  • For it we use R1 → –R2 and  f → – f in second principal point α2 

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