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National Bird Day: Why Birds Matter to Us

National Bird Day is celebrated every year on 5 January . This day is observed to spread awareness about birds, their importance in nature, and the need to protect them. Birds are beautiful living beings and play a very important role in keeping our environment healthy. Origin of National Bird Day National Bird Day was first celebrated in the year 2002 . It was started by bird lovers and environmental groups to protect birds from dangers like deforestation, pollution, and illegal hunting. The main aim of this day is to teach people, especially students, why birds are important and how we can help save them. Why Is National Bird Day Celebrated Every Year? National Bird Day is celebrated every year because many bird species are disappearing due to human activities. Cutting trees, using plastic, pollution, and climate change are harming birds and their homes. This day reminds us that: Birds need protection Nature should be respected Everyone has a responsibil...
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Thevenin’s Theorem | Electronics

Thevenin’s Theorem

  • According to Thevenin's theorem any two terminal linear network containing linear impedances and one or more generators can be replaced with an equivalent circuit consisting of an equivalent impedance (Zeq) in series with an equivalent source of e.m.f. (Eeq).
  • Eeq = e.m.f. between two terminals, when the external load is removed or when the circuit is open.
  • Zeq = impedance at the output terminals, when all the sources of the e.m.f. are short circuited or replaced by their internal impedances.

Proof

  • Applying KVL in loop (1),  E = I1 (Z1 + Z3) - IZ3
  • Applying KVL in loop (2),  0 = I (Z3 + Z2 + ZL) - I1Z3   ⇒  I = [Z3 / (Z2 + Z3 + ZL)] I1

Determination of Eeq

  • Applying KVL in loop (1)
  • E = I' (Z1 + Z3)     ⇒    I' = E / (Z1 + Z3)
  • Open circuit voltage,   Eeq = I'Z3     ⇒    Eeq = E Z3/(Z1 + Z3)

Determination of Zeq


  • Zeq = Z2 + {Z1Z3 / (Z1 + Z3)}
  • Since Eeq = EZ3/(Z1 + Z3)  and  I = [E {Z3 / (Z1 + Z3)} / [ZL + {Z2 + Z1Z3 / (Z1 + Z3)}]
  • Therefore I = Eeq / (ZL + Zeq)

  • This is Thevenin's equivalent circuit.
  • By applying KVL in this loop we get
  • Eeq = I (Zeq + ZL) ⇒ I = Eeq / (Zeq + ZL)
  • Since the equations shown in red colour are same, hence Thevenin's theorem is varied.
To know more about Thevenin's theorem please click on the link https://youtu.be/zJQXHWm1Ifk
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