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National Bird Day: Why Birds Matter to Us

National Bird Day is celebrated every year on 5 January . This day is observed to spread awareness about birds, their importance in nature, and the need to protect them. Birds are beautiful living beings and play a very important role in keeping our environment healthy. Origin of National Bird Day National Bird Day was first celebrated in the year 2002 . It was started by bird lovers and environmental groups to protect birds from dangers like deforestation, pollution, and illegal hunting. The main aim of this day is to teach people, especially students, why birds are important and how we can help save them. Why Is National Bird Day Celebrated Every Year? National Bird Day is celebrated every year because many bird species are disappearing due to human activities. Cutting trees, using plastic, pollution, and climate change are harming birds and their homes. This day reminds us that: Birds need protection Nature should be respected Everyone has a responsibil...
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Maxwell Boltzmann Statistics

Maxwell Boltzmann Statistics

  • It is applied to distinguishable particles.
  • Particles are distinguishable from each other.
  • Each cell may contain 0, 1, 2, … ni particles.
  • Total number of particles of system remain constant, n = Σni  = constant
  • Sum of energies of all the particles in the different groups taken together i.e., total energy of the system remain constant E = Σniεi = constant

  • Consider a system of n distinguishable particles.
  • These particles be divided into groups or levels such that
  • Energy levels    ε1, ε2, ε3, ...εi 
  • Degeneracies    g1, g2, g3, ...gi 
  • Occupation number    n1, n2, n3, ...ni 

  • Consider a box, divide it into gi  sections, distribute ni particles among them.
  • Number of ways to distribute n1 particles in first state are
                  
  • Number of ways to put n2 particles in the second state are
                  
            …     …     …     …     …     … 
  • Total ways to distributions
  • First particle can be accommodated in any of the gi group by gi ways.
  • Since there is no restriction, so second particle can be accommodated in gi group by gi ways.
    •     …          ….          ….          ….          ….
  • Thus ni particle can be accommodated in gi group by gini
  • Total number of eigen state for the whole system

  • According to the postulates of a priori probability of eigen state
  • Sterling approximation log x! = x log x – x
  • But δni is arbitrary
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