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खनन और खनिज उद्योगों में पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता विषय पर विशेषज्ञों का मंथन

खनन और खनिज उद्योगों में पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता  विषय पर विशेषज्ञों का मंथन पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता मानव समाज के निरन्तर अस्तित्व, समृद्धि और स्वास्थ्य के लिए मूलभूत शर्त है। हमारी न्यू जनरेशन को स्पीड और टेक्नोलॉजी पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना होगा ताकि भविष्य को सुनहरा बनाया जा सके। उक्त विचार मुख्य अतिथि श्री एमपी सिंह, प्रधान मुख्य अभियंता, केंद्रीय विद्युत प्राधिकरण विद्युत मंत्रालय भारत सरकार, नई दिल्ली ने व्यक्त किए श्री सिंह भूपाल नोबल्स स्नातकोत्तर महाविद्यालय में भूविज्ञान विभाग द्वारा "खनन और खनिज उद्योगों में पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता" विषय पर आयोजित दो दिवसीय राष्ट्रीय कॉन्फ्रेंस के समापन पर बोल रहे थे। दो दिवसीय राष्ट्रीय कान्फ्रेंस का भव्य समापन सम्मानित अतिथि प्रो विनोद अग्रवाल सदस्य, भारत सरकार नई दिल्ली स्थित MOEFCC की विशेषज्ञ मूल्यांकन समिति, (सि एण्ड टीपी) अपने उद्बोधन में कहा कि पर्यावरण स्थिरता सरकार और समाज दोनों की जिम्मेदारी है। वर्तमान में खनन उद्योग विभिन्न प्रावधानों एवं कानूनों के तहत कार्य कर रहा है ताकि पर्यावरण को सुरक्षित रखा जा सके। आयोजन सचिव डॉ. हेमंत सेन न...
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Davisson Germer's experiment | Quantum mechanics

Davisson Germer's experiment

This experiment provide the experimental confirmation of de Broglie hypothesis

Experimental arrangement of Davisson Germer experiment
  • F = Filament, made of tungsten.
  • The electrons are accelerated from F on heating it by a low tension battery.
  • G = An anode containing a fine hole.
  • C = Nickel crystal, the electrons are strike on this crystal and then scattered in all possible directions.
  • D = Detector, which can be rotated on a circular scale S, and this detector is used to measure the intensity of electrons scattered by C.
  • ф = Angle between the incident electron beam on crystal and the scattered direction of electron.
  • If we plot a graph between ф and I (intensity of scattered electron beam by C) at different V.

Conclusions

  • I depends on ф.
  • There is always a bump or kink occurs in the curve at ф = 50°.
  • As the value of accelerating voltage V increases the size of bump increases.
  • The bump become maximum at V = 54 volt.
  • On further increasing the value of V, bump starts to decrease.
  • According to de Broglie

  • From Bragg’s law
            2d sin θ = nλ
  • Here n = order of diffraction, d = inter-planar distance, and θ = glancing angle of diffraction
  • For X-ray analysis Ni works as plane diffraction grating
  • d111 = 0.91 Å for Ni crystal
  • Since diffraction angle ф = 50°
  • Therefore glancing angle θ = (180 ー50) / 2 = 65°
        ∴    2 ✕ 0.91 sin 65° = 1 ✕ λ
        or    λ = 1.65 Å
  • The excellent agreement between the two results for wavelengths (λ) confirms de-Broglie hypothesis for electrons.
  • It means the electron beam of energy 54eV at 50° angle posses strong diffraction, which shows the wave nature and Ni crystal works as diffraction grating.
To know more about Davisson Germer experiment in English please click on the link https://youtu.be/ID3UPMYAZcs and in bilingual (Hindi/English) click on https://youtu.be/VSZn1_2eldo
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