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भारतीय रसायन के पिता आचार्य प्रफुल्ल चंद्र रे की जयंती पर व्याख्यान का आयोजन

भारतीय रसायन के पिता आचार्य प्रफुल्ल चंद्र रे की जयंती पर व्याख्यान का आयोजन विज्ञान भारती उदयपुर इकाई एवं बीएन कॉलेज ऑफ फार्मेसी, बीएन विश्वविद्यालय के संयुक्त तत्वावधान में कार्यक्रम सम्पन्न उदयपुर, 2 अगस्त। भारतीय रसायन के पिता आचार्य प्रफुल्ल चंद्र रे की जयंती के अवसर पर विज्ञान भारती उदयपुर इकाई (चित्तौड़ प्रांत) एवं बीएन कॉलेज ऑफ फार्मेसी, बीएन विश्वविद्यालय के संयुक्त तत्वावधान में एक विशेष व्याख्यान का आयोजन किया गया। कार्यक्रम का उद्देश्य आचार्य पी.सी. रे के वैज्ञानिक योगदान एवं उनके देशभक्ति से ओतप्रोत जीवन पर प्रकाश डालना था। ज्ञातव्य है कि भारत की पहली फार्मा कंपनी आचार्य रे ने ही बंगाल केमिकल एंड फार्मास्यूटिकल्स लिमिटेड, कोलकाता में 1901 में प्रारंभ की थी। कार्यक्रम में विज्ञान भारती के उद्देश्य एवं गतिविधियों की जानकारी डॉ. अमित गुप्ता द्वारा दी गई। आचार्य पी.सी. रे के जीवन और कार्यों पर मुख्य व्याख्यान डॉ. लोकेश अग्रवाल द्वारा प्रस्तुत किया गया। उन्होंने बताया कि कैसे आचार्य रे ने विज्ञान को समाज की सेवा का माध्यम बनाया और रसायन विज्ञान में भारत को आत्मनिर्भर बनान...

Compton Effect | Quantum mechanics | Physical basis of quantum mechanics

Compton Effect (Quantum nature of light)

  • Compton effect was discovered by A.H. Compton.
  • When a beam of monochromatic X-rays of wavelength λ is scattered by a light element (carbon), then the scattered X-rays have maximum intensities at two wavelengths, one of them at the same wavelength λ and the other at slightly longer wavelength λ՛. This effect is known as Compton effect.
  • The difference in wavelength (λ - λ՛) is known as Compton shift.

Theory 


  • The energy of incident photon, E1 = hν
  • Momentum of incident photon, p1 = hν/c
  • This photon strikes with an electron at rest.

Before collision

  • Momentum of electron, p2 = 0
  • Energy of electron (rest mass energy), E2 = m0c2

After collision

  • The photon scattered from its original path by giving some of its kinetic energy to the electron and the electron recoils.
  • Energy of scattered photon, E1՛ = hν՛
  • Momentum of scattered photon, p1՛ = hν՛/c
  • The scattered photon move in a direction making an angle θ with the X-axis.
  • The energy of electron, E2՛ = mc2
  • Momentum of electron, p2՛ = mv
  • This electron moves in a direction making an angle ϕ with the X-axis.

From the law of conservation of energy

            E1 + E2 = E1՛ + E2՛

            hν + m0c2 = hν՛ + mc2

            mc2 = h (ν - ν՛) + m0c2

From the law of conservation of momentum 

  • Momentum along X-axis

  • Momentum along Y-axis
  • From relativistic formula
  • This is the change in wavelength of X-rays and is known as Compton shift in the wavelength of X-rays.
  • Here λc is Compton wavelength and its value is given by
  • λc = h / m0c = 0.0242Å

Conclusion

  • Compton shift is independent of the wavelength of the incident radiation and nature of the scattering substance.
  • It depends only on the scattering angle θ.

Special cases


  • It is the maximum value of Compton shift.

Experimental setup


Experimental setup of Compton effect

Relative intensities versus wavelength curve of Compton effect at different angles
  • The excellent agreement between the Compton shift obtained from Compton theory and the experimental results confirms that the elastic collision between a photon and an electron is just like an elastic collision between two particles.
  • The Compton effect proves the quantum theory (particle nature) of radiation.
  • To know more about Compton effect, please click on the link https://youtu.be/hwQaqo6Gwz4 and for bilingual lecture (Hindi/English) https://youtu.be/KNiPYOq274U

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