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महाराणा प्रताप ट्रेल सज्जनगढ़ उदयपुर

महाराणा प्रताप ट्रेल सज्जनगढ़ उदयपुर में इको ट्रेल 30 नवम्बर को राजस्थान वन विभाग उदयपुर डिविजन तथा WWF-India उदयपुर डिविजन के सानिध्य में महाराणा प्रताप ट्रेल सज्जनगढ़ उदयपुर में इको ट्रेल की गई, जिसमें WWF-India के स्टेट काॅर्डिनेटर श्रीमान अरूण सोनी तथा वन विभाग कीे ओर से डाॅ. सतीश कुमार शर्मा, सेवानिवृत्त अधिकारी मौजूद थे। मुझे भी इस इको ट्रेल में जाने का सुअवसर प्राप्त हुआ, जो गोरीला व्यू पाॅइंट से बड़ी-लेक व्यू पाॅइंट तक की गई इसमें मुझे विज्ञान की एक नई शाखा के बारे में पता चला, जिसे टट्टी विज्ञान कहा जाता है। सुनने में आपको थोड़ा अजीब लगेगा, मुझे भी सुनकर हैरानी हुई, परन्तु वास्तव में एक ऐसा भी विज्ञान है, जिसके बारे में डाॅ. सतीश शर्मा ने बड़े ही विस्तार पूर्वक बताया कि किस प्रकार वनों में जानवरों की टट्टी देखकर यह पता लगाया जा सकता है कि यहां कौनसा जानवर आया था। जानवरों की टट्टी कितनी पुरानी है, वह गीली है या सूखी है। इसी के आधार पर उस विशेष जंगल में कौन-कौनसे जानवर विचरण करते हैं, उसके बारे में वन विज्ञान के कर्मचारी पता लगा लेते हैं। जानवरों की टट्टी का विश्लेषण करके यह पता लगा...
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Compton Effect | Quantum mechanics | Physical basis of quantum mechanics

Compton Effect (Quantum nature of light)

  • Compton effect was discovered by A.H. Compton.
  • When a beam of monochromatic X-rays of wavelength λ is scattered by a light element (carbon), then the scattered X-rays have maximum intensities at two wavelengths, one of them at the same wavelength λ and the other at slightly longer wavelength λ՛. This effect is known as Compton effect.
  • The difference in wavelength (λ - λ՛) is known as Compton shift.

Theory 


  • The energy of incident photon, E1 = hν
  • Momentum of incident photon, p1 = hν/c
  • This photon strikes with an electron at rest.

Before collision

  • Momentum of electron, p2 = 0
  • Energy of electron (rest mass energy), E2 = m0c2

After collision

  • The photon scattered from its original path by giving some of its kinetic energy to the electron and the electron recoils.
  • Energy of scattered photon, E1՛ = hν՛
  • Momentum of scattered photon, p1՛ = hν՛/c
  • The scattered photon move in a direction making an angle θ with the X-axis.
  • The energy of electron, E2՛ = mc2
  • Momentum of electron, p2՛ = mv
  • This electron moves in a direction making an angle ϕ with the X-axis.

From the law of conservation of energy

            E1 + E2 = E1՛ + E2՛

            hν + m0c2 = hν՛ + mc2

            mc2 = h (ν - ν՛) + m0c2

From the law of conservation of momentum 

  • Momentum along X-axis

  • Momentum along Y-axis
  • From relativistic formula
  • This is the change in wavelength of X-rays and is known as Compton shift in the wavelength of X-rays.
  • Here λc is Compton wavelength and its value is given by
  • λc = h / m0c = 0.0242Å

Conclusion

  • Compton shift is independent of the wavelength of the incident radiation and nature of the scattering substance.
  • It depends only on the scattering angle θ.

Special cases


  • It is the maximum value of Compton shift.

Experimental setup


Experimental setup of Compton effect

Relative intensities versus wavelength curve of Compton effect at different angles
  • The excellent agreement between the Compton shift obtained from Compton theory and the experimental results confirms that the elastic collision between a photon and an electron is just like an elastic collision between two particles.
  • The Compton effect proves the quantum theory (particle nature) of radiation.
  • To know more about Compton effect, please click on the link https://youtu.be/hwQaqo6Gwz4 and for bilingual lecture (Hindi/English) https://youtu.be/KNiPYOq274U
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