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अब औरत को लुगाई पढेंगे बच्चे

अब नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत मातृ भाषा में होगी प्राथमिक स्तर तक की पढ़ाई, औरत को लुगाई पढेंगे बच्चे शेखावटी के प्राथमिक स्कूलों के विद्यार्थी अब औरत को लुगाई, आग को बासते और इंसान को मिनख पढ़ते नजर आएंगे। नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत प्राथमिक कक्षाओं में मातृ भाषा में शिक्षा देने की नीति लागू होने से ऐसा होगा। इसके लिए राज्य शैक्षिक अनुसंधान एवं प्रशिक्षण संस्थान ने प्रदेश में संभागवार भाषाई सर्वेक्षण करवाकर स्थानीय भाषा के शब्द कोष तैयार करवाए हैं। शेखावटी के शब्द कोष में शोर को रोला, आदत को बाण, इधर को अठीने, इंतजार को उडीकणों, इकट्ठा को भैळो एवं सांवठो, अध्ययन को पढ़णो, आवास को ठिकाणो, इतना को अतरो, इनकार को नटणों, इसके लिए को इकेपाई एवं अधिक बोलने को लपर-लपर कहा गया है। नई शिक्षा नीति के लिए बच्चों-शिक्षकों की भाषा से शब्दकोष तैयार किया गया है। नई शिक्षा नीति के तहत हुए सर्वेक्षण में प्राथमिक कक्षा के बच्चों की भाषा एवं पढ़ाने वाले शिक्षक की भाषा की जानकारी ली गई थी। इसमें बच्चों के नाम के साथ उनके घर की भाषा, शिक्षक की भाषा, स्कूल का माध्यम, भाषा को समझने एवं बोलने की विद्यार्थियों की क्षम...
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Compton Effect | Quantum mechanics | Physical basis of quantum mechanics

Compton Effect (Quantum nature of light)

  • Compton effect was discovered by A.H. Compton.
  • When a beam of monochromatic X-rays of wavelength λ is scattered by a light element (carbon), then the scattered X-rays have maximum intensities at two wavelengths, one of them at the same wavelength λ and the other at slightly longer wavelength λ՛. This effect is known as Compton effect.
  • The difference in wavelength (λ - λ՛) is known as Compton shift.

Theory 


  • The energy of incident photon, E1 = hν
  • Momentum of incident photon, p1 = hν/c
  • This photon strikes with an electron at rest.

Before collision

  • Momentum of electron, p2 = 0
  • Energy of electron (rest mass energy), E2 = m0c2

After collision

  • The photon scattered from its original path by giving some of its kinetic energy to the electron and the electron recoils.
  • Energy of scattered photon, E1՛ = hν՛
  • Momentum of scattered photon, p1՛ = hν՛/c
  • The scattered photon move in a direction making an angle θ with the X-axis.
  • The energy of electron, E2՛ = mc2
  • Momentum of electron, p2՛ = mv
  • This electron moves in a direction making an angle ϕ with the X-axis.

From the law of conservation of energy

            E1 + E2 = E1՛ + E2՛

            hν + m0c2 = hν՛ + mc2

            mc2 = h (ν - ν՛) + m0c2

From the law of conservation of momentum 

  • Momentum along X-axis

  • Momentum along Y-axis
  • From relativistic formula
  • This is the change in wavelength of X-rays and is known as Compton shift in the wavelength of X-rays.
  • Here λc is Compton wavelength and its value is given by
  • λc = h / m0c = 0.0242Å

Conclusion

  • Compton shift is independent of the wavelength of the incident radiation and nature of the scattering substance.
  • It depends only on the scattering angle θ.

Special cases


  • It is the maximum value of Compton shift.

Experimental setup


Experimental setup of Compton effect

Relative intensities versus wavelength curve of Compton effect at different angles
  • The excellent agreement between the Compton shift obtained from Compton theory and the experimental results confirms that the elastic collision between a photon and an electron is just like an elastic collision between two particles.
  • The Compton effect proves the quantum theory (particle nature) of radiation.
  • To know more about Compton effect, please click on the link https://youtu.be/hwQaqo6Gwz4 and for bilingual lecture (Hindi/English) https://youtu.be/KNiPYOq274U
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