चार महीने का बच्चा कैसे बना अरब़पति? जन्म के सिर्फ चार माह बाद यदि कोई बच्चा अरबपति बन जाए तो इसे उसकी किस्मत ही कहेंगे। भारत के एकाग्रह रोहन मूर्ति नाम के बच्चे की किस्मत कुछ इसी प्रकार चमकी है। देश की दूसरी सबसे बड़ी आइटी कम्पनी इंफोसिस के फाउंडर नारायण मूर्ति ने सोमवार अपने चार महीने के पोते एकाग्रह मूर्ति को 240 करोड़ रूपए के शेयरों की हिस्सेदारी का तोहफा देकर उसे शायद देश का सबसे कम उम्र का अरबपति बना दिया है। BSE की फाइलिंग के अनुसार इंफोसिस में अब एकाग्रह रोहन की 15 लाख शेयरों की हिस्सेदारी हो गई है। इसका मतलब अब एकाग्रह रोहन इंफोसिस का 0.04% का हिस्सेदार है। शेयरों के स्थानान्तरण के बाद नारायण मूर्ति के पास कम्पनी के कुल शेयरों का 0.36% हिस्सा बचा है। जिस समय नारायण मूर्ति द्वारा अपने पोते को शेयर देने की खबर बाई उस समय इंफोसिस के शेयरों में गिरावट देखने को मिल रही थी। एकाग्रह रोहन, नारायण मूर्ति तथा सुधा मूर्ति के बेट रोहन मूर्ति और उनकी पत्नि अर्पणा कृष्णन का बेटा है। आपको यह पता होगा कि नोरायण मूर्ति ने अपनी पत्नि सुधा मूर्ति से 10 हजार रूपए उधार लेकर 1981 में इंफोसिस क
M.L. SUKHADIA UNIVERSITY, UDAIPUR B.Sc. I Year Physics
PAPER-I Mechanics of Particles, Rigid Bodies and Continuous media
UNIT-I
- Laws of motion, conservation of energy and momentum, transformation equations for rotating frame, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations, Coriolis force, Coriolis force due to earth’s rotation – experimental demonstration by Foucault pendulum.
- Motion under a central force, conservation of angular momentum, Kepler’s laws.
UNIT-II
- Fields and potential, gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss's and Poisson's equations, gravitational self energy.
- Two body problem, reduced mass, scattering and scattering cross sections, illustrations, Rutherford scattering by hard spheres, centre of mass and laboratory reference frames, binary stars.
UNIT-III
- System of particles, centre of mass, calculation of centre of mass of regular bodies, angular momentum, equations of motion, conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum, system of variable mass, elastic and inelastic collisions, rigid body, degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem.
UNIT-IV
- Molecular rotations (as rigid bodies), moment of inertia, di and tri atomic molecules, intrinsic spin, precessional motion, motion of top, gyroscope.
- Elastic constants for an isotropic solid, their inter relation, torsion of a cylinder, bending of beam, applications to cantilever.
UNIT-V
- Kinematics of moving fluid, equation of continuity, Euler’s law for fluidity.
- Viscous fluids, streamline and turbulent flow, flow through a capillary tube, Poisuilles law, Reynold’s number, Stoke’s law, theory of rotation viscometer, effect of temperature and pressure on the viscosity of liquids.
- Recent developments in Physics including discussion of Nobel prizes in Physics (no questions to be set in the theory examination).
Recommended Book
- Mechanics by Vimal Saraswat, Himanshu Publication, Delhi
- Mechanics (Hindi Edition) by Kalra, Himanshu Publications, Delhi
PAPER-II Oscillations, waves and Acoustics
UNIT-I
- Free oscillations of simple systems: Equilibrium; concept of potential well, small oscillations approximation, solutions, linear and transverse oscillations of a mass between two springs, diatomic molecule, reduced mass concept.
- Damped and forced oscillations: Damped oscillations; critical damping, Q of an oscillator. Forced oscillator with one degree of freedom; Transient and steady state oscillations, resonance energy absorption, low and high frequency responses.
UNIT-II
- Free oscillations of system with two degrees of freedom: Two dimensional oscillator; normal modes, longitudinal and transverse oscillation of coupled masses, energy transfer between modes, coupled pendulum.
- Fourier analysis: Fourier series and Fourier coefficients; simple examples (square wave, saw-tooth wave, half and full wave rectifier), use of exponential representation for harmonic oscillations, expression for Fourier coefficients.
UNIT-III
- Wave equation: Waves in a one-dimensional chain of particles; classical wave equation; wave velocity, boundary conditions and normal modes, dispersion relations, dispersion waves.
- Waves in continuous media: Speed of transverse waves on a uniform string, speed of longitudinal waves in a fluid, energy density and energy transmission in waves, dispersion in waves, group velocity and phase velocity.
- Superposition of waves: Linear homogenous equations and the superposition principle, interference in space and energy distribution; beats and combination tones.
UNIT-IV
- Ultrasonic: Production, detection, and applications of ultrasonic waves.
- Vibrations in bounded systems: Normal modes of a bounded system; harmonics, the quality of sound, Chladni's figures, Vibration of a drum. Noise and Music; Limits of human audibility; intensity and loudness, bel and decibel. Music scale and musical instruments.
UNIT-V
- Reflection, refraction, and diffraction of sound: Acoustic impedance of a medium, percentage reflection, and refraction at a boundary, impedance matching for transducers. Diffraction of sound; principle of a sonar system, sound ranging.
- Applied acoustics: Transducers and their characteristics, recording and reproduction of sound, measurement of frequency, velocity, waveform, and intensity. The acoustics of halls, reverberation period.
- Recent developments in Physics including discussion of Nobel prizes in Physics (no questions to be set in the theory examination).
Recommended Book
- Oscillation, Waves and Acoustics by Vimal Saraswat, Himanshu Publication, Delhi
- Oscillation, Waves and Acoustics (Hindi Edition) by Kalra, Himanshu Publications, Delhi
PAPER-III Electricity and Magnetism
UNIT-I
- Electric Field: Coulomb’s law, unit of charge (SI and other systems of units). Conservation and quantization of charge. Field due to different charge distributions, monopole, dipole, quadrupoles, line charge, sheet charge. Torque on a dipole in uniform field and non-uniform fields, flux of an electric field. Gauss’s law - applications to deduce E fields, force per unit area on the surface of a charged conductor.
- Potential: Line integral of electric field and electrical potential. Field as the gradient of potential. Potential energy of a system of charges and its calculation in various configurations. Field equations for E in vacuum. Energy associated with E field. Differential form of Gauss’s law: Poisson’s equation, Laplace’s equation, boundary conditions and uniqueness theorems.
- Electric field around conductors: Induced charges, field and potential inside a conductor, field near the surface of a conductor, method of images.
UNIT-II
- Electric field in matter: Atomic and molecular dipoles, induced dipoles, electronic and molecular contributions. Electrical field caused by polarized matter, E and D fields, permittivity, dielectric constant. Capacitor filled with dielectric, field equations in presence of dielectric. The field of a polarized sphere, dielectric sphere in a uniform field. Energy in dielectric systems. Polarizability and susceptibility, frequency dependence of polarizability, Claussius-Mossotti equation.
- Magnetic field: Magnetic field B seen through Lorentz force on a moving charge, unit for B field, magnetic dipoles in atoms and molecules, gyromagnetic ratio.
- Magnetic field due to currents: Biot and Savart’s law. Field equations in magnetostatics, Ampere’s law. Fields due to a straight wire, magnetic dipole, circular current and solenoid. Magnetic fields in matter. Magnetizing current, magnetization vector, H and B fields, magnetic permeability, susceptibility. Comparison of magnetostatics and electrostatics.
UNIT-III
- Electrical current: Current density and current; non-steady currents and continuity equations. Electrical conductivity, resistivity, conductance and their temperature dependence. Thermo-electric current and dark current, non-ohmic circuitry, thermistor. Varying current. Rise and decay of currents in LR and CR circuits, time constant, integrating and differentiating circuits, electrical shielding. Study of a discrete LC transmission line.
UNIT-IV
- Alternating currents: Skin effect for resistance at high frequencies, complex impedance, reactance, impedances of LCR series and parallel circuits, resonance, Q factor, power dissipation and power factor.
- AC bridges: Anderson’s, de Sauty’s and Owen's bridges, self and mutual inductance. Measurement of mutual inductance by Carey Foster Method, Coupled circuits and Transformers.
UNIT-V
- Ballistic Galvanometer (moving coil type), its distinction from beat type. B.G. differential equation and its solution under different conditions of damping. Critical damping, over damping. Logarithmic decrements, charge sensitivity, current sensitivity, determination of B using search coil and B.G. Determination of high resistance using B.G. Factors for sensitivity. B.G. constant. Measurement of mutual inductance by Carey Foster’s bridge by B.G. Measurement of small resistance by Kelvin’s double bridge.
- Recent developments in Physics including discussion of Nobel prizes in Physics (no questions to be set in the theory examination).
Recommended Book
- Electricity and Magnetism by Vimal Saraswat, Himanshu Publication, Delhi
- Electricity and Magnetism (Hindi Edition) by Kalra, Kakani, Bhandari and Saraswat, Himanshu Publications, Delhi
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