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Bhupal Nobles' University, Udaipur Convocation | भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय, उदयपुर दीक्षांत समारोह

भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय दीक्षांत समारोह महाराणा प्रताप स्टेशन रोड, सेवाश्रम सर्कल, उदयपुर। भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय उदयपुर द्वारा वर्ष 2018 से 2024 तक की स्नातक एवं स्नातकोत्तर परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण एवं विद्यावाचस्पति (Ph.D.) उपाधिधारियों के लिए दीक्षान्त समारोह 27 मार्च 2025 गुरूवार को प्रातः 10:30 बजे आयोजित करने का निश्चित हुआ है। दीक्षान्त समारोह में 2020 से 2025 तक की विद्यावाचस्पति की उपाधियों तथा स्नातक एवं स्नातकोत्तर परीक्षाओं में वर्ष 2024 तक प्रथम स्थान प्राप्त करने वाले छात्रों को उपाधि एवं स्वर्ण पदक प्रदान किए जायेंगे। अतः जो उपाधिधारी उक्त समारोह में उपाधि प्राप्त करने के इच्छुक हों, वे समारोह में उपस्थित होने की लिखित सूचना के साथ स्नातक एवं स्नातकोत्तर प्रथम वरीयता प्राप्त छात्रों हेतु, पंजीकरण शुल्क ₹500 व उपाधि शुल्क ₹5000 (कुल ₹5500) एवं विद्यावाचस्पति (Ph.D.), शोधार्थी पंजीकरण शुल्क ₹500 व उपाधि शुल्क ₹5000 (कुल ₹5500) नकद अथवा डिमाण्ड ड्राफ्ट भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय, उदयपुर के नाम बनाकर कुलसचिव, भूपाल नोबल्स विश्वविद्यालय, उदयपुर को दिनांक 17.03.2025 तक ...
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Van der Waals equation


    Andrews experimental PV curve and state of continuity

  • The slope of tangent drawn on critical point is opposite on either side of this point.
  • The isothermal curve touching the critical point is critical isothermal.
  • The temperature, pressure and volume corresponding to critical point are known as critical temperature (Tc), critical pressure (Pc) and critical volume (Vc) respectively.
  • Pc, Vc and Tc are combindly known as critical constants.

    • Conclusion of Andrews experimental curve

  • Any gas can be liquified below its critical temperature.
  • Every gas has a critical temperature above which the gas can not be liquified by increasing pressure.
  • At critical temperature, the density of liquid and its saturated vapour are equal. Above this temperature we can not distinguish between the two states.
  • Near critical temperature, the compressibility of gas is very high and it become infinitive at critical temperature.
  • Above critical temperature, the gas behaves as permanent gas.
  • The liquid and gaseous state of substance are consistent and they are two distinct states of a long and continuous physical variation.

    • Van der Waal equation

  • In derving the equation of ideal gas we assumed that
  • The gaseous molecules are infinitely smaller so that the volume occupied by them is negligible in comparison to the total volume of the gas, whereas the gaseous molecules have finite size.
  • The molecules does not attract each other, whereas they mutually attract each other.
  • So two corrections should be required for real gas equation, which are
  • Correction for finite size of molecule and
  • Correction for intermolecular attraction.
  • On the basis of it, the equation of state for real gas or Van der Waal equation of state is
  • (P+an2/V2)(V - nb) = RT.

    • NOTE

  • The present lecture is a bilingual lecture, in which every step is explained in Hindi and in English language. Van der Waal equation of state is very important in Thermodynamics. In the present lecture the Van der Waal equation is explained in a well systematic way.

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