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खनन और खनिज उद्योगों में पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता विषय पर विशेषज्ञों का मंथन

खनन और खनिज उद्योगों में पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता  विषय पर विशेषज्ञों का मंथन पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता मानव समाज के निरन्तर अस्तित्व, समृद्धि और स्वास्थ्य के लिए मूलभूत शर्त है। हमारी न्यू जनरेशन को स्पीड और टेक्नोलॉजी पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना होगा ताकि भविष्य को सुनहरा बनाया जा सके। उक्त विचार मुख्य अतिथि श्री एमपी सिंह, प्रधान मुख्य अभियंता, केंद्रीय विद्युत प्राधिकरण विद्युत मंत्रालय भारत सरकार, नई दिल्ली ने व्यक्त किए श्री सिंह भूपाल नोबल्स स्नातकोत्तर महाविद्यालय में भूविज्ञान विभाग द्वारा "खनन और खनिज उद्योगों में पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता" विषय पर आयोजित दो दिवसीय राष्ट्रीय कॉन्फ्रेंस के समापन पर बोल रहे थे। दो दिवसीय राष्ट्रीय कान्फ्रेंस का भव्य समापन सम्मानित अतिथि प्रो विनोद अग्रवाल सदस्य, भारत सरकार नई दिल्ली स्थित MOEFCC की विशेषज्ञ मूल्यांकन समिति, (सि एण्ड टीपी) अपने उद्बोधन में कहा कि पर्यावरण स्थिरता सरकार और समाज दोनों की जिम्मेदारी है। वर्तमान में खनन उद्योग विभिन्न प्रावधानों एवं कानूनों के तहत कार्य कर रहा है ताकि पर्यावरण को सुरक्षित रखा जा सके। आयोजन सचिव डॉ. हेमंत सेन न...
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Van der Waals equation


    Andrews experimental PV curve and state of continuity

  • The slope of tangent drawn on critical point is opposite on either side of this point.
  • The isothermal curve touching the critical point is critical isothermal.
  • The temperature, pressure and volume corresponding to critical point are known as critical temperature (Tc), critical pressure (Pc) and critical volume (Vc) respectively.
  • Pc, Vc and Tc are combindly known as critical constants.

    • Conclusion of Andrews experimental curve

  • Any gas can be liquified below its critical temperature.
  • Every gas has a critical temperature above which the gas can not be liquified by increasing pressure.
  • At critical temperature, the density of liquid and its saturated vapour are equal. Above this temperature we can not distinguish between the two states.
  • Near critical temperature, the compressibility of gas is very high and it become infinitive at critical temperature.
  • Above critical temperature, the gas behaves as permanent gas.
  • The liquid and gaseous state of substance are consistent and they are two distinct states of a long and continuous physical variation.

    • Van der Waal equation

  • In derving the equation of ideal gas we assumed that
  • The gaseous molecules are infinitely smaller so that the volume occupied by them is negligible in comparison to the total volume of the gas, whereas the gaseous molecules have finite size.
  • The molecules does not attract each other, whereas they mutually attract each other.
  • So two corrections should be required for real gas equation, which are
  • Correction for finite size of molecule and
  • Correction for intermolecular attraction.
  • On the basis of it, the equation of state for real gas or Van der Waal equation of state is
  • (P+an2/V2)(V - nb) = RT.

    • NOTE

  • The present lecture is a bilingual lecture, in which every step is explained in Hindi and in English language. Van der Waal equation of state is very important in Thermodynamics. In the present lecture the Van der Waal equation is explained in a well systematic way.

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