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चार महीने का बच्चा कैसे बना अरब़पति

चार महीने का बच्चा कैसे बना अरब़पति? जन्म के सिर्फ चार माह बाद यदि कोई बच्चा अरबपति बन जाए तो इसे उसकी किस्मत ही कहेंगे। भारत के एकाग्रह रोहन मूर्ति नाम के बच्चे की किस्मत कुछ इसी प्रकार चमकी है। देश की दूसरी सबसे बड़ी आइटी कम्पनी इंफोसिस के फाउंडर नारायण मूर्ति ने सोमवार अपने चार महीने के पोते एकाग्रह मूर्ति को 240 करोड़ रूपए के शेयरों की हिस्सेदारी का तोहफा देकर उसे शायद देश का सबसे कम उम्र का अरबपति बना दिया है। BSE की फाइलिंग के अनुसार इंफोसिस में अब एकाग्रह रोहन की 15 लाख शेयरों की हिस्सेदारी हो गई है। इसका मतलब अब एकाग्रह रोहन इंफोसिस का 0.04% का हिस्सेदार है। शेयरों के स्थानान्तरण के बाद नारायण मूर्ति के पास कम्पनी के कुल शेयरों का 0.36% हिस्सा बचा है। जिस समय नारायण मूर्ति द्वारा अपने पोते को शेयर देने की खबर बाई उस समय इंफोसिस के शेयरों में गिरावट देखने को मिल रही थी। एकाग्रह रोहन, नारायण मूर्ति तथा सुधा मूर्ति के बेट रोहन मूर्ति और उनकी पत्नि अर्पणा कृष्णन का बेटा है। आपको यह पता होगा कि नोरायण मूर्ति ने अपनी पत्नि सुधा मूर्ति से 10 हजार रूपए उधार लेकर 1981 में इंफोसिस क
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Light emitting diode | Electronics | Semiconductor diode

Optoelectronic diode

  • An optoelectronic diode is a diode which includes optics along with electronics. It means optoelectronic diode either emit light or they work when light falls on them.
  • Here we will discuss about light emitting diode as an optoelectronic diode.

Light emitting diode (LED)

Principle of LED

  • In simple p-n junction diodes (Ge, Si), the energy bands are indirect.
  • When these diodes are forward biased, then the recombination of electron-holes across the junctions starts.
  • When electron jumps from higher energy level to lower energy levels then the energy emitted by electrons in these diode will be in the form of heat and hence we can not see it.
  • In some semiconductor (GaAs), the energy bands are direct.
  • When these semiconductor diodes are forward biased then in the process of recombination of electron-hole pairs, the electron jumps from higher energy level to lower energy levels.
  • The energy emitted during this process lie in the visible region, and it is clearly seen due to transparent material of the crystal.
  • Since these diodes emit light energy on forward biased, hence they are known as light emitting diode.

Construction of LED

Light emitting diode (a) Arrangement and (b), (c) Circuit symbol
  • In LED generally we use GaAs or In-P.
  • In these diodes n-type semiconducting layer grow on a p-type substrate by diffusion.
  • After it a thin layer of p-type material is grow up on n-type layer.
  • At the external sides of these layers a thin metallic contacts are attached, which are connected to cathode (K) and anode (A) respectively.
  • The whole arrangement is placed in a transparent plastic cover or envelope.
  • The colour of plastic cover depends on the light emitted by diode.
  • It is used in low forward bias.
  • The wavelength (colour) emitted by the diode depends on the the % error of As in GaAS-P diode.
  • Common formula for it is GaAs1-x Px.
  • GaAs gives I.R. light and GaP gives light of blue colour.
  • If the energy band of above diode is 1.8 eV, we get light of red colour.
  • If this diode is doped with nitrogen we get light of all the colours ranging from yellow to green in visible region.
  • Wavelength of emitted light
                λ= hc / Eg = (1.26 / Eg) μm
  • Here h = Planck's constant, c = velocity of light and Eg = energy gap between valence band and conduction band.
  • If we join seven segment of LED, then we can get any number from 0 to 9. Here a number 4 and number 8 are shown.
Seven segment LED

Uses of LED

  • LED is used in calculators.
  • It is used in watches.
  • LED is also used in platform signals.
  • Light emitting diode is also used as a pilot lamp in electronic device for showing on-off position.
  • Theses diodes are also used in optical communication systems.
To know more about light emitting diode (LED) please click on the link https://youtu.be/EyTUJV-NXH0  for English and on https://youtu.be/WuOKbuHpq1Q  for bilingual (Hindi/English)
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